Tenses adalah salah satu bagian dari part of speech yang paling krusial. Saking krusialnya, para pembelajar bahasa Inggris banyak yang takut sama materi satu ini! Ingin tahu selengkap mungkin tentang formula tenses, rumus, dan contoh kalimatnya? Behold, Kampung Inggris LC mempersembahkan 16 tenses lengkap dengan rumus sekaligus contohnya untukmu.
Simple Present Tense
Simple Present Tense adalah bentuk kalimat yang paling umum dalam bahasa Inggris. Kalimat simple present tidak terikat waktu, sehingga penggunaannya lebih bebas dibanding jenis tenses lainnya.
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + V1 + (s/es) | Dad works hard every day |
Nominal | Subject + is/am/are + nominal | She is more beautiful than usual | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + don’t/doesn’t + V1 | I don’t know what to say to her |
Nominal | Subject + is/am/are + not + nominal | They aren’t as bad as you think | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Do/Does + Subject + V1 + ? | Does he know about this? |
Nominal | Is/Am/Are + Subject + nominal + ? | Are you better than yesterday? |
Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense sama sederhananya dengan simple present, akan tetapi simple past tense sudah terikat dengan waktu lampau. Saat kamu bicara menggunakan simple past tense, itu berarti peristiwa yang kamu ceritakan sudah terjadi di masa lalu.
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + V2 | She drove to the town solely |
Nominal | Subject + was/were + nominal | You were glad to meet him | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + didn’t + V1 | She didn’t drive to the town solely |
Nominal | Subject + was/were + not + nominal | You weren’t glad to meet him | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Did + Subject + V1 + ? | Did she drive to the town solely? |
Nominal | Was/were + Subject + nominal + ? | Were you glad to meet him? |
Simple Future Tense
Simple future tense adalah bentuk tenses yang bisa kamu pakai buat menjelaskan hal yang akan terjadi di masa depan, LCers.
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + will + V1 | You will know sooner or later |
Nominal | Subject + will + be + nominal | Henry will be the champion today | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + won’t + V1 | You won’t know till you’ve tried |
Nominal | Subject + won’t + be + nominal | She won’t be the model | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Will + Subject + V1 + ? | Will the police come on time? |
Nominal | Will + Subject + be + nominal + ? | Will she become a nurse soon? |
Simple Past Future Tense
Nah, simple past future tense adalah bagian pertama dari rangkaian empat bentuk “future in the past”. FYI, yang dimaksud future in the past adalah kejadian yang seharusnya terjadi, tapi tidak atau belum terjadi. Simple past future tense bisa kamu pakai untuk menjelaskan sesuatu yang seharusnya terjadi, seandainya ada faktor lain yang tidak berubah.
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + should/would + bare infinitive | Sarah should go to the hospital |
Nominal | Subject + was/were + going to + bare infinitive | He would be a writer | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + should/would + not + bare infinitive | Sarah should not go to the hospital |
Nominal | Subject + was/were + not + going to + bare infinitive | He wouldn’t be a writer | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Should/would + subject + bare infinitive + ? | Should Sarah go to the hospital? |
Nominal | Was/were + subject + going to + bare infinitive + ? | Would he be a writer? |
Present Continuous Tense
Continuous tense adalah jenis kalimat yang digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang sedang dalam proses dilakukan. Oleh karena “proses” yang masih berjalan tersebut, continuous tense disebut juga progressive tense.
Sementara itu, present continuous tense adalah bentuk kalimat yang bisa kamu gunakan untuk menjelaskan sesuatu yang sedang dalam proses dilakukan.
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + is/am/are + Ving | She is playing a kite |
Nominal | Subject + is/am/are + nominal | Fajar is a college student | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + is/am/are + not + Ving | She is not playing a kite |
Nominal | Subject + is/am/are + not + nominal | Fajar isn’t a college student | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Is/Am/Are + Subject + Ving + ? | Is she playing a kite? |
Nominal | Is/Am/Are + Subject + nominal + ? | Is Fajar a college student? |
Past Continuous Tense
Dengan memakai past continuous tense, kamu bisa menerangkan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa lalu. Misalnya begini nih, kemarin saudaramu menelpon saat kamu sedang makan. Kalau dibahasa-Inggriskan, kalimat tersebut bisa menjadi “You were eating when your brother called yesterday”.
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + was/were + Ving | They were trying a new road |
Nominal | Subject + was/were + nominal | Alea was afraid of the dark | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + was/were + not + Ving | They weren’t trying a new road |
Nominal | Subject + was/were + nominal | Alea wasn’t afraid of the dark | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Was/were + Subject + Ving + ? | Were they trying a new road? |
Nominal | Was/were + Subject + nominal + ? | Was Alea afraid of the dark? |
Future Continuous Tense
Misalnya kamu ditanyai “apa yang akan kamu lakukan besok jam 9 pagi?”, lalu kamu menjawab “sedang mengikuti pelajaran Sejarah (sejak jam 8 sampai 10 pagi)”. Itu berarti jawabanmu itu memiliki bentuk future continuous tense.
Singkatnya, future continuous tense adalah bentuk tenses yang bisa dipakai untuk mengekspresikan peristiwa yang akan dalam proses di masa depan.
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + will + be + Ving | I will be going to the school tomorrow, Nanda |
Nominal | Subject + will + being + nominal | She will being a hero the day after tomorrow | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + will + not + be + Ving | I won’t be going to the school tomorrow, Nanda |
Nominal | Subject + will + not + being + nominal | She won’t being a hero the day after tomorrow | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Will + Subject + be + Ving + ? | Will I be going to the school tomorrow, Nanda? |
Nominal | Will + Subject + being + nominal + ? | Will she being a hero the day after tomorrow |
Past Future Continuous Tense
Past future continuous tense adalah bentuk kalimat kedua dalam seri “future in the past” setelah simple past future tense. Past future continuous biasanya digunakan untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu yang mungkin sedang terjadi di masa lalu seandainya terjadi sesuatu yang lain.
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + would + be + Ving | We would be coming to your house if you were at home |
Nominal | Subject + would + being + nominal | My son would being the actor if he wasn’t sick | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + would + not + be + Ving | We would not be coming to your house if you were at home |
Nominal | Subject + would + not + being + nominal | My son would not being the actor if he wasn’t sick | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Would + Subject + be + Ving + ? | Would we be coming to your house if you were at home? |
Nominal | Would + Subject + being + nominal + ? | Would my son being the actor if he wasn’t sick? |
Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense adalah kalimat yang bisa kamu pakai untuk menjelaskan sesuatu yang sudah terjadi di masa sekarang. Jika past tense digunakan hanya untuk menjelaskan bahwa sebuah peristiwa terjadi di masa lalu, perfect tense digunakan untuk menegaskan sebuah peristiwa benar-benar sudah terjadi di masa lalu.
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + has/have + V3 | I have done the task earlier |
Nominal | Subject + has/have + been + nominal | She has been a good doctor for the girl a while ago | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + has/have + not + V3 | I haven’t done the task earlier |
Nominal | Subject + has/have + not + been + nominal | She hasn’t been a good doctor for the girl a while ago | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Has/have + Subject + V3 + ? | Have I done the task earlier? |
Nominal | Has/have + Subject + been + nominal + ? | Has she been a good doctor for the girl a while ago? |
Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense biasa digunakan untuk menegaskan sesuatu sudah terjadi, tapi di masa lalu. Bentuk kalimat ini bisa kamu gunakan saat seseorang meminta kepastian tentang sesuatu yang sudah kamu lakukan di masa lalu.
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + had + V3 | Ricko had finished his homework yesterday |
Nominal | Subject + had + been + nominal | I had been the teacher some years ago | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + had + not + V3 | Ricko hadn’t finished his homework yesterday |
Nominal | Subject + had + not + been + nominal | I hadn’t been the teacher some years ago | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Had + Subject + V3 + ? | Had Ricko finished his homework yesterday? |
Nominal | Had + Subject + been + nominal + ? | Had I been the teacher some years ago? |
Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect tense bisa kamu gunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang akan sudah kamu selesaikan di masa depan. Misalnya kamu ditanyai apakah tugasmu sudah selesai besok, kamu bisa menjawab pertanyaan tersebut dalam bentuk future perfect tense.
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + will + have + V3 | I will have finished the cleaning in 4 hours |
Nominal | Subject + will + have + been + nominal | The students will have been graduates in some months | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + will + not + have + V3 | I won’t have finished the cleaning in 4 hours |
Nominal | Subject + will + not + have + been + nominal | The students won’t have been graduates in some months | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Will + subject + have + V3 + ? | Will I have finished the cleaning in 4 hours? |
Nominal | Will + subject + have + been + nominal + ? | Will the students have graduated in some months? |
Past Future Perfect Tense
Dengan menggunakan kalimat bentuk ini, kamu bisa menyatakan sesuatu yang benar-benar akan terjadi tapi tidak terjadi. Anyway, past future perfect tense adalah bentuk kalimat future in the past yang paling mutlak.
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + should/would + have + V3 | He would’ve done the tasks if he wasn’t going to the cinema |
Nominal | Subject + should/would + have + been + nominal | I should’ve been a soldier but I was failed | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + should/would + not + have + V3 | He wouldn’t have done the tasks if he wasn’t going to the cinema |
Nominal | Subject + should/would + not + have + been + nominal | I shouldn’t have been a soldier but I was failed | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Should/would + subject + have + V3 + ? | Would he done the tasks if he wasn’t going to the cinema? |
Nominal | Should/would + subject + have + been + nominal + ? | Should I have been a soldier if I was failed? |
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present perfect continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang sudah dilakukan dan masih dilakukan hingga sekarang
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + has/have + been + Ving + since/for | Mom has been working there since 2006 |
Nominal | Subject + has/have + been + being + nominal + since/for | She has been being a director since 2 years ago | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + has/have + not + been + Ving + since/for | Mom hasn’t been working there since 2006 |
Nominal | Subject + has/have + not + been + being + nominal + since/for | She hasn’t been being a director since 2 years ago | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Has/have + subject + been + Ving + since/for + ? | Has Mom been working there since 2006? |
Nominal | Has/have + subject + been + being + nomina + since/for? | Has she been being a director since 2 years ago? |
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past perfect continuous tense adalah bentuk kalimat untuk menjelaskan sesuatu yang sudah dan masih dilakukan di masa lalu
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + had + been + Ving + since/for | I had been pushing the door for 35 minutes |
Nominal | Subject + had + been + being + nominal + since/for | They had been being the choir since 2012 | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + had + not + been + Ving + since/for | I hadn’t been pushing the door for 35 minutes |
Nominal | Subject + had + not + been + being + nominal + since/for | They hadn’t been being the choir since 2012 | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Had + subject + been + Ving + since/for + ? | Had I been pushing the door for 35 minutes? |
Nominal | Had + subject + been + being + nomina + since/for? | Had they been being the choir since 2012? |
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Ayo main contoh-contohan lagi nih buat memahami future perfect continuous tense. Misalnya kamu sedang janjian dengan temanmu untuk ke bioskop, tapi temanmu telat 30 menit. Saat ditanyai apa yang kamu lakukan, kamu bisa menjawab “aku sudah mulai menonton film 30 menit lalu”.
Simpelnya, future perfect continuous bisa kamu pakai buat mengekspresikan peristiwa yang telah dan dalam proses kamu lakukan di masa depan.
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + will + have + been + Ving + since/for | I will have been watching the TV since Felice come |
Nominal | Subject + will + have + been + being + nominal + since/for | She will have been being a doctor since 2016 | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + will + not + have + been + Ving + since/for | I won’t have been watching the TV since Felice come |
Nominal | Subject + will + not + have + been + being + nominal + since/for | She won’t have been being a doctor since 2016 | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Will + subject + have + been + Ving + since/for? | Will I have been watching the TV since Felice come? |
Nominal | Will + subject + have + been + being + nominal + since/for? | Will she have been being a doctor since 2016? |
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Kalimat ini mirip dengan bentuk tenses sebelumnya, yaitu future perfect continuous, tapi terjadinya di masa lalu. Past future perfect continuous tense adalah bentuk kalimat future in the past yang tertinggi, tapi to tell you the truth, jarang digunakan.
SENTENCES | FORMULA | EXAMPLES | |
Positive | Verbal | Subject + would/should + have + been + Ving + since/for | I would have been watching the TV since Felice came |
Nominal | Subject + would/should + have + been + being + nominal + since/for | She would have been being a doctor since 2016 | |
Negative | Verbal | Subject + would/should + not + have + been + Ving + since/for | I wouldn’t have been watching the TV since Felice came |
Nominal | Subject + would/should + not + have + been + being + nominal + since/for | She wouldn’t has been being a doctor since 2016 | |
Interrogative | Verbal | Would/should + subject + have + been + Ving + since/for + ? | Would I have been watching the TV since Felice came? |
Nominal | Would/should + subject + have + been + being + nominal + since/for? | Would she have been being a doctor since 2016? |
Itulah penjelasan lengkap dan detail tentang 16 tenses disertai rumusnya, LCers. Kalau kamu mau belajar tenses lebih giat lagi, kamu bisa langsung datang ke Kampung Inggris Pare ya, ingat ke Kampung Inggris LC langsung!
Kalau belum sempat kursus ke sini, kamu bisa belajar otodidak dulu melalui situs Kampung Inggris LC ini ya, langsung aja klik: Perbedaan Which dan That dalam Clauses